Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Adaptation of motor control strategies and physiological arousal during repeated blocks of split-belt walking

doi: 10.1101/2025.09.03.673831

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental protocol during treadmill walking. A) Electromyography (EMG) was measured bilaterally from TA and GM; electrodermal activation (EDA) was measured from the palmar surface of the hand; ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded by the treadmill embedded force plates under each belt. Participants were not informed about the change of belt conditions. B) Timeline of the experimental protocol. The protocol started with 2 familiarization blocks of tied-belt walking at slow and fast speed, respectively, followed by a block of slow speed used for baseline measure. Then the split-belt adaptation blocks (shown with black background) alternated with the tied-belt de-adaptation blocks followed. The duration of each block was 210s (3.5 mins). The Early and Late phase in each block of walking was defined as the first 15 strides (excluding the first step) and last 15 strides within each block.

Article Snippet: Physiological arousal was collected using electrodermal activity (EDA, Cambridge Electronics Design LTD, Cambridge, UK) from the palmar surface of the right hand at 300 Hz.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Blocking Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Adaptation of motor control strategies and physiological arousal during repeated blocks of split-belt walking

doi: 10.1101/2025.09.03.673831

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative raw data from a participant across the full walking trial. Top row: raw step length for the left (blue) and right (orange) foot. Middle row: Step length symmetry (SLS) ratio calculated from raw data. Bottom row: raw electrodermal activation (EDA) signal. Red boxes highlight split-belt walking blocks; unshaded regions represent tied-belt walking. During the baseline slow speed tied-belt walking before Split 1, SLS indicates symmetrical gait. The greatest step length asymmetry occurred during the Early phase (first 15 strides) of S1, coinciding with the peak EDA response across the session. SLS increased in the Early phases of S2 and S3 with EDA response attenuated alongside.

Article Snippet: Physiological arousal was collected using electrodermal activity (EDA, Cambridge Electronics Design LTD, Cambridge, UK) from the palmar surface of the right hand at 300 Hz.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Adaptation of motor control strategies and physiological arousal during repeated blocks of split-belt walking

doi: 10.1101/2025.09.03.673831

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patterns of physiological arousal presented by electrodermal activation (EDA) data during walking in 100%-time cycle respectively for the Early (black) and Late (blue) phases. Black bars on top indicate regions with statistically significant differences between phases with magnitude above the relevance criterion of t-values of the SPM. Baseline walking differences are reflective of speed change from slow to fast speed walking and from fast to slow speed walking, respectively.

Article Snippet: Physiological arousal was collected using electrodermal activity (EDA, Cambridge Electronics Design LTD, Cambridge, UK) from the palmar surface of the right hand at 300 Hz.

Techniques: Activation Assay